E33: Energy Saving Light Bulbs – Above Green

Requirement Summary

This measure can be claimed if the light bulbs used in the project are either compact fluorescent (CFL), LED, or T5, or other types of light fixtures that achieve 90 lm/W or greater. At least 90% of the lamps must be of the efficient type.

The required spaces with efficient bulbs vary by building type. Table 44 shows the indoor spaces that are required to have at least 90% of the lamps to be of the efficient type, by building typology. Where there is more than one row for a building type, each row represents a separate measure that can be claimed individually. This measure cannot be claimed for spaces that are not fitted with efficient lighting fixtures. For example, if an office building for lease is not fitted with lighting fixtures for tenants and there is no provision for efficient lighting in a binding lease agreement or similar provision, then this measure cannot be claimed for those spaces.

Table 44: Indoor spaces required to have efficient lighting, by Building Type

Building Type	Internal Spaces that must have Efficient Lighting
Homes	All habitable spaces (including living rooms, dining rooms, kitchens, bathrooms, and corridors)
	Shared corridors, Common areas, Staircases
Hospitality	All guest spaces (including guest rooms, bathrooms, conference/banquet rooms, corridors, etc.)
	Back-of-the-house (including kitchens, laundry, health spa, storage area, etc.)
Retail	Sales area
	Corridors and common areas
Offices	All internal spaces (including offices, circulation area, lobby, storage, restrooms, etc.)
Hospitals	All, except Operation theaters
	Basement, car parking, and kitchen
Education	All internal spaces

Table 45 shows the outdoor spaces that are required to have at least 90% of the lamps to be of the efficient type.

Table 45: Outdoor spaces required to have efficient lighting, by Building Type

Building Type	External Spaces that must have Efficient Lighting
Homes	Outdoor areas
Hospitality	Common outdoor spaces, such as outdoor garden
Retail	Common outdoor spaces, such as outdoor garden
Offices	Common outdoor spaces, such as outdoor garden
Hospitals	Common outdoor spaces, such as outdoor garden
Education	Outdoor spaces of the project, such as a sports field

Intention

Efficient lamps, that produce more light with less power compared to standard incandescent bulbs, reduce the building’s energy use for lighting. Due to the reduction in waste heat from efficient lamps, heat gains to the space are lowered, which in turn reduces cooling requirements. Maintenance costs are also reduced as the service life of these types of bulbs is longer than that of incandescent bulbs.

Approach/Methodologies

EDGE requires no specific efficacy for CFL, LED or T5 lamps, so the design team only needs to demonstrate that CFL, LED, or T5 lamps have been specified. Both fluorescent (e.g. CFL and T5) and LED bulbs are available with various performance specifications. Other efficient technologies are also available. If another technology is used, documentation must be provided to demonstrate that the light fixtures achieve at least 90 lm/W.

Here, lumens per watt (lm/W) is the measure of lighting efficacy used in the industry, which is the ratio of visible light output measured in lumens to the total power draw from the main electrical supply. e.g. a 40W light bulb has a total power input of 40W and a typical one may produce about 450 lumens. Therefore, the efficacy of this 40 W lamp would be 450/40 or 11.25 lm/W.

Besides efficacy (lumens/watt), the key indicators are the color rendering index (CRI), color temperature (in Kelvin), and service life. CRI is a good indication of the quality of the light produced. The higher the CRI, the better the colors will be rendered. As color temperature is more subjective, the appropriate level will depend on the application.

EDGE does not account for lighting quality, illumination (lux or lumen) levels, or lighting layout. These should be handled by the lighting designer using local or international lighting design code requirements. Light bulbs covered by the EDGE lighting measure exclude safety and security lighting.

Potential Technologies/Strategies

The following table explains the different technologies for the recommended energy saving light bulbs:

Table 46: Description of technologies (lamp types)

Lamp Type	Description
Compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs)	CFLs are available for most light fittings as a direct replacement for incandescent bulbs. CFLs use a fluorescent tube that has been folded into the shape of the incandescent bulb they have been designed to replace. In comparison to incandescent bulbs, CFLs can last as much as 15 times longer. It should be noted that the service life can be reduced by frequent switching, so CFLs are not always appropriate where lights will be turned on and off frequently. CFLs use only a fraction of the energy of their incandescent alternatives and therefore produce less heat. As with normal fluorescent lamps, CFLs require ballasts in order to operate. Older lamps use magnetic ballasts, but these have largely been replaced with electronic ballasts that operate at a high frequency. Although the efficacy is not affected, electronic ballasts have reduced warm-up times and flickering, which were issues with the earlier CFLs.
Light emitting diode (LED)	LED technology has evolved quickly and there are LED lamps available for most light fittings, and in different color temperatures ranging from warm white to daylight. The efficacy levels of LEDs are much higher than CFLs. The service life of LED lamps can be as much as two to three times the longest life of any available compact fluorescent lamp, and is not affected by frequent on/off cycles. Over the last few years, the performance of LED lamps has improved greatly while prices have dropped sharply, and they are now highly cost-effective.
T5 Lamps	The name of these fluorescent tubes refers to their shape (tubular) and diameter (5 units measured in 1/8s of an inch). T5s have a miniature G5 bi-pin base with 5mm spacing, while T8s and T12s have a G13 bi-pin base with 13mm spacing. Although T8/T12 to T5 conversion kits are available, dedicated T5 luminaires should be specified in new construction projects, as using ballasts designed for T8s and T12s could reduce the service life of T5s.

Although the efficacy of bulbs from different manufacturers will differ, Table 47 gives an approximate range of efficacies that can be expected for different bulb technologies.

Table 47: Typical range of efficacies for different lamp types

Lamp Type	Typical Range of Efficacy (Lumens/Watt)	Rated Lifetime (hours)
Incandescent - Tungsten Filament	10-19	750-2,500
Halogen lamp	14-20	2,000-3,500
Tubular Fluorescent	25-92	6,000-20,000
Compact Fluorescent	40-70	10,000
High Pressure Sodium	50-124	29,000
Metal Halide	50-115	3,000-20,000
Light Emitting Diode (LED)	50-100	15,000-50,000

Relationship to Other Measures

Using more efficient bulbs reduces the heat gain from lighting, thereby reducing cooling loads. Heating loads may increase in a heating dominated climate. A related measure is daylighting; better daylight design can reduce the need for artificial lighting during the daylit hours.

Assumptions

The default assumption for the base case is that the lighting is a mixture of standard incandescent lamps and efficient lamps. The improved lighting density assumes that at least 90% lamps in the improved case are not incandescent, but of a more efficient type. The assumed lighting load (in Watts/m²) for each area in both cases (baseline and improved) is available in Appendix 2.

Compliance Guidance

To demonstrate compliance, the design team must provide the following documentation to support their claims.

Design Stage

Post-Construction Stage

At the design stage, the following must be used to demonstrate compliance:

Lighting schedule listing type and number of bulbs specified;
Electrical layout drawings showing the location and type of all installed bulbs;
Manufacturer’s data sheets or calculations showing that fixtures that are not CFL, LED or T5 meet the 90 lm/W threshold.

At the post-construction stage, the following must be used to demonstrate compliance:

As-built electrical drawings with the lighting layout if changed from design;
Manufacturer’s data sheets and calculations showing that fixtures that are not CFL, LED or T5 meet the 90 lm/W threshold.
Photographs of the lighting installation. It is not necessary to take photos of every single installed lamp, but the auditor must be convinced that a reasonable proportion has been checked and verified; or
Purchase receipts and delivery notes for lamps